【遠大前程】
Great Expectations(1860-1861)
Great Expectations(1860-1861)
這本小說另外一個精彩的主題，圍繞在愛情(love)與激情
(passions)的衝突與矛盾。Pip的墮落除了財富的誘惑外，對
Estella的激情迷戀也是其中的主因，青少年的Pip第一之看到美
麗的Estella，由於自卑與自憐，對於冷酷無情的Estella，產生了
無可救藥的迷戀。對他而言，Estella的垂青代表其人生中另一個
最大的期望(great
expectations)。小說中很多精彩的描寫都是放
在Pip對這種虛無愛情的執著。
精彩片段賞析：
愛情與激情(love
and passions)
I took the opportunity
of being alone in the courtyard, / to look at
my coarse hands
and my common boots. / My opinion of those
accessories was not
favorable. / They had never troubled me
before, / but they
troubled me now, / as vulgar appendages… / I
wished Joe had
been rather more genteelly brought up, / and
then I should have
been so too. (我利用獨自在庭院的機會，/
看看自己粗糙的雙手及粗俗的鞋子，/ 對這些配件並無好感，,/ 之
前從來沒有困擾我，/ 但是現在卻困擾我，/ 有如低俗的附加物，
/ 真希望Joe應該較有教養，/ 而我也是。
She came beck, /
with some bread and meat / and a little mug of
beer. She put the
mug down of the stones of the yard, / and
gave me the bread
and meat / without looking at me, / as
insolently as I
were a dog in disgrace. / I was so humiliated, /
hurt, / spurned, /
offended,/ angry, / sorry…/ that my tears started
to my eyes. / The moment
they sprang there, / the girl looked at
me / with a quick
delight in / having been the cause of them.(
她回來，/ 帶著麵包、肉、/ 及一小杯啤酒，/ 將杯子放在院子的
石頭上，給我麵包及肉，/ 沒有看我一眼，/ 無禮地視我如卑賤
的狗。/ 我如此被羞辱、/ 受傷、/ 輕斥、/ 觸怒、/ 憤怒、/ 難過
……/ 淚水湧上眼眶。/ 淚水流的刹那，/ 女孩望著我，/ 帶著短
暫的喜悅，/ 是她引起我的淚水。)
Pip跟美麗的Estella相遇，第一次感受到出身及外表的卑微(to
look
at my coarse hands and my common boots)，他希望他姐
夫Joe及自己應該更有教養些。此處使用假設法(has been rather
More
genteelly brought up 及I should have been so too)，表示
應該如此但事實並非如此，充滿無奈與難過的心情。此外，被漂
亮的Estella鄙視，從羞辱(humiliated)到憤怒(angry)、難過(sorry)
，層層的心情，讀者也不禁與Pip一樣留下淚水，,同情這位小男
生的處境。
Pip不幸地落入Estella的摧殘，而Estella也不過是當地富婆
Miss
Havisham報復男人的工具。Estella被訓練成無法付出感情
、無法體會愛情的冷酷女性。她自己使用本書中最有名的一個暗
喻(metaphor)來說明個性的形成：陽光與黑暗的對比，她對養母
Miss
Havisham說：
“I begin to think,”
said Estella,…, ”If you had
brought up your
Adopted daughter
wholly in the dark confinement of these
Rooms, and had
never let her know that there was such a thing
As the daylight by
which she has never once seen your face-if
You had done that,
and then, for a purpose had wanted her to
Understand the
daylight and know all about it, you would have
Been disappointed
and angry?”(如果你扶養你的養女完全在這些
房間的黑暗中，從來不讓她知道有陽光這種東西，她無法透過陽
光看到你的臉，假如你這麼做，然後為某種目的，你要她瞭解
陽光，徹底瞭解，你應該也會失望生氣吧？)
一個從未見過陽光的人如何去體會陽光的熱力與光亮，一個從
未體會感情與愛情的女孩，如何去付出感情？
相對地，從鄉下來的Pip即使一時被財富地位所迷惑，其內心
所存的善念，轉化內心對Estella的渴望，即使知道Estella是個沒
有心的女性(a
girl without a heart)，仍願意付出：真心的告白，
令人動容：
…You are part of my
existence, / part of myself. You have been
in every line I
have ever read, / since I came here, / the rough
common boy / whose
poor heart you wounded even then. / You
have been in every
prospect / I have even seen since / --on the
river, / on the
sails of the ships, / on the marshes, / in the clouds, /
in the light, / in
the darkness, / in the wind, / in the woods, / in
the sea, / in the
streets. / You have been the embodiment of
every graceful
fancy / that my mind has ever become
acquainted with …/ Estella, to the last hour of my life, / you
cannot choose but
remain part of my character, / part of the little
good in me, / part
of the evil. / But, in this separation / I
associate you with
the good, / and I will faithfully hold you to that
always, / for you
must have done me fat more good / than harm,
/ let me feel now
what sharp distress I may. / O God bless you, /
God forgive you!”
(你是我生命的一部份，/ 是我的一部份，/ 你存在於我所讀的每
一行字裡，/ 自從我來此，/ 那個粗俗的男孩，/ 你曾傷害其憐
心靈。/ 你存在於所有視野中，/ 我曾看到的 / 在河上、/ 在船帆上
、/ 在溼地裡、/ 在雲端、/ 在光亮中、/ 在黑暗中、/ 在風裡、/ 在
樹林裡、/ 在海裡、/ 在街道上。/ 你一直以來象徵所有優雅的想
像，/ 我內心所能熟悉的一切…/ Estella，直到我生命的最後時
刻，/ 你仍是我的一部份，/ 內心的一點善,/ 也是邪惡的一部份
。/ 但是，在此分離的時刻，/ 我只想到你的善，/ 我永遠忠實地
對你如此，/ 因為你對我做的善絶對大於 / 對我的傷害，/ 現在我
感受到強烈的悲痛。/ 願上帝祝福你，/ 願上帝原諒你！)
就是這點善的聯想(the good)，Pip能夠體諒Estella悲哀一生
的心情，原諒了Estella，小說的結尾，有不同的爭辯。狄更斯原
始的悲劇結尾，引起了出版商及讀者的反彈，最後修改了結局：
Pip與Estella歷經了多年的風霜，回到了兒時的地方，現場一片
廢墟，但卻充滿了再復甦的那點感情：
I took her hand in
mine, and we went out of the ruined place;
and as the morning
mists had risen long ago when I first left the
forge, so, the
evening mists were rising now, and in all
the
broad expanse of tranquil light they showed to me, I saw
no shadow of another parting from her.(在晚霧裡，,延伸的寧
靜光亮中，我看不到跟她分手的陰影。)光線的對比，帶出兩人
未來可能的相愛，既寫實又浪漫。
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